Research Paper

Received: , Accepted: , Published online:

DOI: 10.21625/essd.

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A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article’s main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions

© 2024 The Authors. Published by IEREK Press. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Peer review under the responsibility of ESSD’s International Scientific Committee of Reviewers.

Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons ;

How to Use This Template: The template details the sections that can be used in a manuscript. Note that each section has a corresponding style. Sections that are not mandatory are listed as such. Remove this paragraph and start section numbering with 1. For any questions, please contact the editorial office of the journal.

Begin by introducing the paper: 1. Introduction, continue with sections 2. Materials and Methods and 3. Results, and put a nomenclature if necessary, in a box with the same font size as the rest of the paper. The paragraphs should continue from here and should only be separated by headings, subheadings, images, and formulae. The section headings should be arranged by numbers, bold and 10 pt. Here follows further instructions for authors (see 1.1. Structure).

1. Introduction

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be carefully reviewed and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research.

2. Materials and Methods

The Materials and Methods should be described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on the published results. Please note that the publication of your manuscript implies that you must make all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited.

Research manuscripts reporting large datasets that are deposited in a publicly available database should specify where the data have been deposited and provide the relevant accession numbers. If the accession numbers have not yet been obtained at the time of submission, please state that they will be provided during review. They must be provided prior to publication.

Interventionary studies involving animals or humans, and other studies that require ethical approval, must list the authority that provided approval and the corresponding ethical approval code.

3. Results

This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

Files must be in MS Word only and should be formatted for direct printing, using the CRC MS Word provided. Figures and tables should be embedded and not supplied separately.

Please make sure that you use as much as possible normal fonts in your documents. Special fonts, such as fonts used in the Far East (Japanese, Chinese, Korean, etc.) may cause problems during processing. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ‘spellchecker’ function of MS Word.

Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Main text (including figures and tables), Acknowledgements, References, Appendix. Collate acknowledgments in a separate section at the end of the article and do not include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title, or otherwise.

Bulleted lists may be included and should look like this:

First point

Second point

Third Point

Fourth Point

And so on

Ensure that you return to the ‘ARCHIVE-body-text’ style, the style that you will mainly be using for large blocks of text when you have completed your bulleted list.

Please do not alter the formatting and style layouts that have been set up in this template document. As indicated in the template, papers should be prepared in single-column format suitable for direct printing onto paper with trim size 165 x 262 mm. Do not number pages on the front, as page numbers will be added separately for the preprints and the Proceedings. Leave a line clear between paragraphs. All the required style templates are provided in the file “MS Word Template” with the appropriate name supplied, e.g. choose 1. ARCHIVE1st-order-head for your first-order heading text, ARCHIVE-abstract-text for the abstract text, etc.

All tables should be numbered with Arabic numerals. Every table should have a caption. Headings should be placed above tables, and left justified. Only horizontal lines should be used within a table, to distinguish the column headings from the body of the table, and immediately above and below the table. Tables must be embedded into the text and not supplied separately. Below is an example which the authors may find useful.

An example of a column heading	Column A (t)	Column B (t)
And an entry	1	2
And another entry	3	4
And another entry	5	6
And another entry	7	8

References must be listed at the end of the paper. Do not begin them on a new page unless this is absolutely necessary because of spacing issues. Authors should ensure that every reference cited in the text appears in the list of references and that every reference included in the reference page is to be included in-text as well.

Indicate references in the text by referring to the APA style’s in-text citation; the author-date method. This means that the author’s last name should be followed by the year of publication and a complete reference of it should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. An example of in-text should be as follows: (Matthews, 1992).

Some examples of how your references should be listed are given at the end of this template in the ‘References’ section, which will allow you to assemble your reference list according to the correct format and font size.

Section headings should be left justified, bold, with the first letter capitalized and numbered consecutively, starting with the Introduction. Sub-section headings should be in capital and lower-case italic letters, numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc, and left justified, with second and subsequent lines indented. All headings should have a minimum of two text lines after them before a page or column break. Ensure the text area is not blank except for the last page.

Avoid hyphenation at the end of a line. Symbols denoting vectors and matrices should be indicated in bold type. Scalar variable names should normally be expressed using italics. Weights and measures should be expressed in SI units. All non-standard abbreviations or symbols must be defined when first mentioned, or a glossary provided.

Please title your files in this order ‘conference acronym_authorslastname’.

Conclusions should state concisely the most important propositions of the paper as well as the author’s views of the practical implications of the results.

All figures should be numbered with Arabic numerals (1,2,3,..….). Number figures consecutively in the order in which reference is made to them in the text, making no distinction between diagrams and photographs. Every figure should have a caption. All photographs, schemas, graphs, and diagrams are to be referred to as figures. Line drawings should be good-quality scans or true electronic output. Low-quality scans are not acceptable. Figures must be embedded into the text and not supplied separately. In MS Word input the figures must be properly coded. The preferred format of figures are PNG, JPEG, GIF, etc. Lettering and symbols should be clearly defined either in the caption or in a legend provided as part of the figure. Figures should be placed at the top or bottom of a page wherever possible, as close as possible to the first reference to them in the paper. Please ensure that all the figures are of 300 DPI resolutions as this will facilitate good output. Avoid excessive notes and designations on captions.

Figures, etc. should not be centered, but the figure number and caption should be typed below the illustration in 9 pt and left justified. Leave about one line of space between the actual text and the figure (including the caption). Never place any text next to a figure. Leave this space blank. The most convenient place for placing figures is at the top or bottom of the page. Avoid placing text between figures as readers might not notice the text. [Note: one-line captions of length less than the column width (or full typesetting width or oblong) centered]. The Artwork has no text along the side of it in the main body of the text. However, if two images fit next to each other, these may be placed next to each other to save space. For example, see Figure. 1.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Consistency of style is very important. Note the spacing, punctuation, and caps in all the examples below.

References in the text: Figure 1, Figures 2-4, 6, 8a, b (not abbreviated)

References between parentheses: (Fig. 1), (Figs 2-4, 6, 8a, b) (abbreviated)

USA / UK / The Netherlands instead of U.S.A. / U.K. / Netherlands / the Netherlands

Author & Author (1989) instead of Author and Author (1989)

(Author et al., 1989) instead of (Author, Author & Author, 1989)

Always use the official SI notations:

kg / m / kJ / cm instead of kg. (Kg) / m. / kJ. (KJ) / cm.;

20°1632SW instead of 20° 16 32 SW

0.50 instead of 0,50 (used in French text); 9000 instead of 9,000 but if more than 10,000: 10,000 instead of 10000

14C instead of C14 / C-14 and BP / BC / AD instead of B.P. / B.C. / A.D.

20 instead of 20 / X20 / x 20; 4 + 5 > 7 instead of 4+5>7 but –8 / +8 instead of – 8 / + 8

e.g. / i.e. instead of e.g., / i.e.,

Equations and formulae should be typed in MathType and numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in parentheses on the right-hand side of the page (if referred to explicitly in the text). They should also be separated from the surrounding text by one space.

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4.

All authors are required to complete the exclusive license transfer agreement before the article can be published, which they can do online. This transfer agreement enables IEREK Press to protect the copyrighted material for the authors but does not relinquish the authors’ proprietary rights.

The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm, or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder, the permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright exists.

Authors including an appendix section should do so before the References section. Multiple appendices should all have headings in the style used above. They will automatically be ordered A, B, C, etc.

Acknowledgments and Reference heading should be left justified, bold, with the first letter capitalized but have no numbers. Text below continues as normal.

Please state “Not applicable” under this section if you do not wish to include any acknowledgments under this section.

Funding declaration:

All funding sources for the submitted research paper should be declared. The role of the funding body in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript should be stated in the declaration section of the paper.

Please state “This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors/individuals” under this section if your manuscript didn’t receive any external funding.

Ethics approval:

Manuscripts reporting data involving questionnaires, surveys, and interviews or any type of data that has been collected by the author/co-authors must:

- Include a statement on ethics approval and consent (even where the need for approval was waived).

- Include the name of the ethics committee that approved the study and the committee’s reference number if appropriate.

Please state “Not applicable” under this section if your manuscript does not report on or involve the use of data from conducted questionnaires, surveys, or interviews that were made by the author(s).

Conflict of interest:

A conflict of interest arises when your personal or professional relationships with others, the industry, foundations, or other organizations could affect how you interpret data or convey information. Authors are required to declare any financial conflicts of interest. They should also disclose any competing interests that are not financial.

This is also applicable if the author or one of the co-authors is a member of our editorial board.

So, it should be stated if there is any type of the previously mentioned conflict of interest breaches.

Please state “The author(s) declare that there is no competing interest.” under this section if none of the mentioned types of conflict of interest exist.

There is also the option to include a subheading within the Appendix if you wish.

1. Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000;163:51-9.

2. Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.

3. Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc; 1999. p. 281-304.

Instructions to Authors for Word Template

1. Locking of Copyright:

The copyright line is locked in the template. The author may not edit the same and make it editable only for PSMs. If there are any copyright changes required, you are requested to contact Journal Manager through Guest Editors. For editable the below-mentioned steps must be followed:

Steps:

Click on the copyright statement

Click on Properties in the Developer tab

Remove the checks from Content control cannot be deleted and Contents cannot be edited under Locking and then Press ok

2. Docm format:

We have added macros in the Word templates for the below-mentioned features. And since macros are not supported in doc and docx format we created the templates of all titles in .docm format.

Removal of all highlights

Accept track change

Locking of Rules

If .docm format needs to convert into docx format then the following steps must be performed:

Steps:

Press Alt F11

Click on Project (JID_Template)

Enter "thomson" in Project Password

Click on Microsoft Word Objects

Click on ThisDocument under Microsoft Word Objects

Delete all macros under General

After deletion close the Code and Project (JID_Template) windows

From the File menu click on save as type .docx option

3. Comments added in the margin in Word master templates:

There are instances where the author raises queries on what to do with key information lines such as “volume, page numbers”, “Conference title per issue” and “Copyright entity, year, copyright company IEREK Press Ltd. /B.V. /Inc. and Organizer Name” in the copyright statement and for these concerns, the comments have been inserted in the Word template to guide Author/JM about the information to be inserted by them in these fields.

Comments removal from Print: In Word 2007 and 2010 the comments present in a document get printed by default. If the authors do not want to get the comments appearing in print, the authors must remove the comments from the Word template before printing by changing the Print markup setting of Word using the following steps:

Steps:

Click the File tab

Click Print

Under Settings, click the arrow next to Print All Pages

Click Print Markup to clear the check mark

Instructions to Authors pages to be excluded from Print:

Click the File tab

Click Print

Under Setting, Type page numbers and/or page ranges separated by commas counting from the start of the document or the section. For example, type 1, 3, 1-5

4. PDF creation from Word master template:

While creating a PDF from a Word template the below given steps should be followed to avoid differences in trim size and margins and to avoid a decrease in resolution and size of the figure images of the Word template and the PDF created.

Steps in Word 2007 and 2010:

Click the File tab

Click Print

Under the Printer tab, select Adobe PDF

Click the Printer Properties link

Under the Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on the Edit button

Click on the Images folder under Standard

Make Downsample and Compression fields under Color Images and Grayscale Images "Off". And in the Monochrome Images field make only Downsample "Off'

Then click on OK and the given name of the setting in the File name tab and click on save

Then again Under the Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on the Edit button

Then click on the Color folder

Choose the Leave Color Unchanged option under the Color Management Policies tab then click on OK

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Click Save As

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Click Save

In Word 2003 the PDF can be created by using the “Convert to Adobe PDF” symbol in the toolbar or the required paper size can be adjusted in the Adobe PDF settings given in the Properties tab on the Print option. Please follow the above steps to avoid a decrease in the resolution and size of the figure images.